Track 25: Vaccines and immunization
Vaccines:
These are biological substances designed to stimulate the immune system against specific pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses. Vaccines typically contain weakened or killed forms of the microorganisms they protect against, or they may contain molecular components of the pathogens. When administered, vaccines trigger the body’s immune response, enabling it to recognize and remember the pathogen. This means that if the individual encounters the actual pathogen in the future, their immune system can mount a faster and more effective response, preventing illness or reducing its severity.
Immunization:
Immunization is the process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination. It involves administering vaccines to individuals to induce immunity. Immunization can be achieved through various means, including routine childhood vaccination schedules, catch-up immunization for those who missed vaccinations, and vaccination campaigns targeting specific populations or outbreaks. Immunization not only protects individuals but also contributes to the broader community by reducing the spread of infectious diseases and achieving herd immunity.
Types
Live Attenuated Vaccines: These vaccines contain weakened forms of the live virus or bacteria that cause the disease. Examples include the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and the oral polio vaccine (OPV). Live attenuated vaccines often provide long-lasting immunity with a single dose because they closely mimic natural infection, but they may not be suitable for individuals with weakened immune systems.
Inactivated Vaccines: Inactivated vaccines contain killed versions of the virus or bacteria that cause the disease. Because the pathogens are no longer live, these vaccines cannot cause the disease in the vaccinated individual. Examples include the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and the hepatitis A vaccine. Inactivated vaccines typically require booster doses or adjuvants (substances that enhance the immune response) to provide long-term immunity.
Subunit, Recombinant, Polysaccharide, and Conjugate Vaccines: These vaccines use specific parts of the virus or bacteria, such as proteins, sugars, or toxins, to stimulate an immune response. Subunit vaccines contain only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. Examples include the hepatitis B vaccine (a recombinant vaccine) and the HPV vaccine (a subunit vaccine). Conjugate vaccines combine a weak antigen with a strong antigen to enhance the immune response, as seen in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Overall, vaccines and immunization play crucial roles in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, saving lives, and promoting public health worldwide. They are considered among the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions in history.
List of Home Care Nursing Services Association
- Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses
- Academy of Neonatal Nursing
- ACNP- American College of Nurse Practitioners
- Advanced Practice Nurses of the Ozarks
- Advanced Practice Nurses of the Permian Basin
- Advanced Practitioners for the River Region
- Air & Surface Transport Nurses Association
- Alliance for Psychosocial Nursing
- Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments
- Alzheimer’s Association
List of Home Care Nursing Services Healthcare
- American Assembly for Men in Nursing
- American Assisted Living Nurses Association
- American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC)
- American Association for the History of Nursing
- American Association of Colleges of Nursing
- American Association of Critical Care Nurses
- American Association of Diabetes Educators
- American Association of Heart Failure Nurses
- American Association of Legal Nurse Consultants
- American Association of Managed Care Nurses
List of the 10 best Home Care Nursing Services University
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
- Christian Medical College, Vellore
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai
- JKK Muniraja Institute of Health Sciences
- Lingayas Institute of Health Sciences
- Metro College of Health Sciences and Research
- Jr Kissan College of Pharmacy and Health Science
- Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences
- Acharya Institute of Health Science and Nursing
List of Home Care Nursing Services Society
- United Nurses Association
- Indian Nurses Association.
- All India Nurses Association
- Kerala Govt Nurses Association
- Kerala Nurses Union
- The American Association of Healthcare Administrative Management
- American Health Information Management Association
- The Healthcare Financial Management Association
- National Association of Health Services Executives
- The National Association of Healthcare Access Management
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Sub-tracks of Vaccines and immunization
- Vaccine Development and Research
- Immunization Strategies and Programs
- Vaccine Safety and Surveillance
- Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness
- Vaccine Distribution and Logistics
- Vaccine Hesitancy and Communication
- Immunization Equity and Access
- Vaccine Adverse Events Monitoring
- Vaccine Policy and Legislation
- Herd Immunity and Population Health